Reflection Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Reflection - Term Paper Example The four major financial statements are the income statement, balance sheet, statement of retained earnings, and the statement of cash flow. The income statement and balance sheet are often referred to as common size financial statements. The income statement measures the profitability of a company during a specific period of time. The normal accounting cycle takes one year to complete. The financial statements are the end result of the accounting cycle. The balance sheet shows the financial position of a company at a specific point in time. The three major components of the balance sheet are the assets, liabilities, and stockholders equity. The balance sheet is prepared based on the logic from the basic accounting of equation. The basic accounting equation states that assets equal liabilities plus stockholders equity. The statement of cash flow illustrated the inflow and outflows of cash during a financial period. The three sections of the statement of cash flow are operating, finan cing, and investing. The statement or retained earnings outlines the changes in equity during a financial period. The Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002 was created by Senator Paul Sarbanes and Representative Michael Oxley. The purpose of the act was to raise investor confidence in the stock market after the financial debacles that occurred at Enron, Tyco, and WorldCom among other companies. The Act was created to increase the accountability, reliability, and accuracy of financial information. The Sarbanes Oxley Act is composed of 11 titles. The 11 titles of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act are listed below: The third subject of accounting that will be discussed is conservatism. Conservatism states that if a situation arises where there are two acceptable alternatives for reporting an item, conservatism directs the accountant to choose the alternative that will result in less net income and/or less asset amount (Accountingcoach, 2011). When an accountant is

Changing roles of women in japan Research Paper

Changing roles of women in japan - Research Paper Example Moreover, the Taisho era in the year 1912 perpetuated Japan’s journey to the corresponding modernity by embracing more Western cultures. The gender building of the women within Japanese society altered from the Tokugawa epoch to the corresponding World War I. Within the epochs of Tokugawa and Meiji, women were mainly assigned family responsibilities and duties and possessed restricted rights. Nevertheless, during the era of Taisho and subsequent to World War I, women commenced to foster for equality thereby rebuffing the underlying traditional gender ideologies. Numerous women did not subscribe to the traditional gender responsibilities by either becoming geishas or prostitutes. This resulted to numerous debates amongst both the female and corresponding male activists in regard to the issues of women’s responsibilities that were seen as means of eliminating prostitutions (Yu, 89-125). The role of women within Japan is extremely diverse as compared to the responsibility of the modern day women within the western civilization. Nevertheless, this the same to the responsibility women undertake within the American forty years ago. Presently women within Japan are required to devote their underlying energies in bringing up their offspring whilst men dedicate themselves to careers (Farris, 122-245). Nevertheless, there is an escalation within Japanese women in regard to expressing interest in the full time careers. Majority of the women are young and single without offspring. Moreover, they are extremely educated (Mo?hwald, 23-79). Literature review Since 1940’s women in japan have pursued to modify the old-fashioned responsibility of a working woman who turn into a mother and a housewife after marriage.... Since 1940’s women in japan have pursued to modify the old-fashioned responsibility of a working woman who turn into a mother and a housewife after marriage. This is clearly elaborated in their perception of Japanese family organization and matrimony. The present society demonstrates an upcoming group of young and educated women who pursue a career as a working woman while also still take part in their reproductive roles. The transformation mainly began after World War II when Japanese women developed rather a more personal approach to life. Initially, Women waited to become older in order to marry, most of them often lived at home longer, visiting to Hawaii, and contributing to the economic development with their little income. In general, the present Japanese society is characterized with the decline in arranged marriages; instead many women are taking responsibility to find themselves husbands. In comparison to the past, women continue to work even after marriage and giving birth. Nonetheless the adjustments in the society, married women who work are still considered a threat to the family. Inequality between women and men is still enormous regardless of the new reforms and different attitudes towards traditional family life. The notion can be justified with the popular traditional expression that states that â€Å"Good wife, wise mother. As it is a tradition in many countries and cultural practices of different communities of the world, women in Japan were oppressed and dominated by their male counterparts for a very long time.

Leadership And Change Management At Tesco

Leadership And Change Management At Tesco Leaders are born, not made. Discuss the statement with reference to leadership framework currently I use in organisations. Leader is a person who persuades a group of people towards the achievement of a goal. So, leader bas upon 3ps like person, people and purpose. They are more intelligent energetic people who are initiative, energetic people who are initiative, ambitious and willing to take responsibility. They may not always make the right decision, but they are confident in the decisions that they make. A leader is one who goes first and leads by example, so other bodies motivated to follow him. As a leader, a person must have an inherent commitment to the goal that he will struggle to achieve it even if nobody follows him! Leaders are Born Not Made. Are leaders are born not made? It is an age-old question that has been on the minds of many throughout history. The rationale behind this executive summary is to prove that the statement leaders are born, not made but only to a certain extent. I want to discuss this statement with references either leaders are made or born. According to lockhart Ecerett leaders are those who have abilities to guides or inspires to other, they always make right decision and they know at what time and what place they take decision. Leaders recognized not chosen so we can say leaders have hidden qualities those other dont have. They have intangible characteristic which we cant explain, but we can see it when we recognize it. http://blogs.computerworld.com/node/3914 Great Leaders are Made, Not Born Some time more educated and motivated persons dont know how to lead others. So they dont do very well in them and they dont assume leadership positions. So they and other person assume that they were not born leader by birth. Any country, any organization even a family need a good leader then families can become dysfunctional. But research shows that leaders depends less on some innate trait you are born with, and much more on exact principles that anyone can follow. Here i would like to add an example of a greatest military leader General Hoyt S. Vandenberg. He becomes the U.S. Air Forces second Chief of Staff. He says that he was dismissed from the Academy for lack of leadership ability at the end of his first year. He took note and applied himself and follow the leadership roles and he become very successful leader and he continued to develop himself afterwards. Now question is that what are the principles you must follow to become successful leader. These are eight laws of leadership which are looking very easy but you see, they are not always so easy to follow. Maintain absolute integrity. Know your stuff. Declare your expectations. Show uncommon commitment. Expect positive results. Take care of your people or customers. Put duty before self. Get out in front. Leadership Leadership is ultimately about creating a way for people to contribute to making something extraordinary happen (Michael D. Noonan).1. In simple words we can say leadership is the art of motivating a group of people to achieve a common goal. Contrary to the myth that only a lucky few can ever decipher the mystery of leadership, our research has shown us that leadership is an observable, learnable set of practices. its a process ordinary people use when theyre bringing forth the best from themselves and others. Liberate the leader in understandable and universal process. James M. Kouzes and Barry Z. Posner.2 Background of Tesco I would like to discuss leadership framework by giving the reference of well known Tesco Company. Tesco is the biggest retailer with over 2,200 stores. That is worlds third biggest grocery retailer and diversified into banking, insurance and other areas. About 280,000 employees are working in UK and over460, 000 all over the world. The main key of success of continuous growth of Tesco is better knowledge, skills and job satisfaction of employees. The mission statement is to creating value for customers to earn their lifetime trustworthiness and the vision of the company is to focus on customers and the companys people. Objectives of the company are (1) growth in sales, returns and profits, (2) by providing quality products and services we can satisfy the customer and gain their loyalty, and (3) satisfy its shareholders/stakeholders (Tesco Annual Report, 2009; Tesco Annual Report, 2008). Current Models and theories of leadership applicable in Tesco Leadership Trait Theory The words of John Adair who is the most influential leadership gurus, leader needs to exhibit certain attributes, characteristics and qualities in order to effectively perform their duties. These are: Group Influence-To achieve desired goal or objectives a leader must generate willingness in Tesco. Command- Tesco leader have command upon quick decision as on demand. Coolness- leader composed under testing or trying conditions. Judgment- good judgment. Trait theories are regarding to personality and physical traits characteristics. The trait approach is considered too simplistic as a justification of the complex leadership phenomenon. https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh30g3wcYXYftCcCwWqmax2JK0M3VB0LG4GG5Fv4YEyvnEtGRykD8MiukHfaLhWq9UNdg3I0Eumpq4Jix5cQaXY5YkLkNzZT17LkZ-lDuaZAekhSp4OEh5ZgbmobhnX46a_2B_XJsNRKIeI/ Transformational Leadership Theory (Tesco) Tesco is measured as the most successful retail company in the United Kingdom. The achievement of Tesco was herald by the appointment of Terry Leahy as the Chief Executive Officer. His aim for the company to become more customer-focused and to develop the companys workforce. According to his point of view, there are four things that a leader must provide to his workers. A job that is interesting to do A chance to get on in life To be treated with respect A boss who is some help and not their biggest problem Leadership Model: Bases of Power One of the most popular models of leadership is bases of power. In 1959 French and Raven introduced the five bases of power model. Terry Leahys is the CEO of Tesco. He is most famous leader among their followers and he have three powers like legitimate power, expert power and referent power among five power like coercive power, reward power, expert power, legitimate power and referent power. Leahy achieved legitimate power when he becomes CEO of Tesco. By this power he was in able to lead the company people, as well as he have expert power like scientific knowledge, skills, quick decision maker, and good communication and so on. Referent power is leader charisma and it is based on leaders respect and attraction upon his followers. Leahy is very famous leader among his team. Leadership Mode: Action-Cantered Leadership Most famous guru of leadership is John Adair he is the worlds first Professor of leadership Studies at the University of surrey and he work hard for the development of leadership. He is well known for the Action Centred Leadership (ACL) model of leadership. Action Centred Leadership model have three main points mention below. Task achievement Team maintaining and building Individual development Action-Centred leadership is not suitable for the modern organizations because it is based on hierarchical structure of the organization that is suitable for those organizations that are highly authoritarian. Current and Future Requirements of Tesco Current Requirements of Tesco Human resource are playing important role in development of an organization in today highly competitive business environment. Companys people are worth and they have completive edge. Now a day for employee motivation people are conceder business partner in this since they work hard, more participative, they feel more powerful and they feel more satisfaction in organization. Employee empowerment helpful in quick decision, trust, faster changes and improve better communication horizontally and vertically. Development of participative management skills in leaders is the most important requirement of Tesco and they should possess the necessary skills in order for them to practice participative leadership appropriately. Leaders must hold on communication, flexibility, synergy, cooperation, arbitration, conflict declaration, interest and concern. Future requirements of Tesco Leader must be a director, he must earn the trust of his followers, and he must be kind hope and optimism and must be result driven. Leader should not focus on present circumstances but also long term planning, long term mission and vision in his mind, and shear their vision with their followers, they should get their trust and loyalty because up till your follower are not satisfied and not loyal with you and you organization you cant survive and you cant achieve long-term goals of an organization. Development of leadership For the leadership development provide learning opportunities to employees and must recognise that is primary place to learn more over outside the organization they should also provide facilities to shear their knowledge and learn more and more. The company should hair educated and experience employees, and give facility to learn and understand those countries where Tesco is operating. The organization must ha a Business Leadership Development institute within the organization under HRM department to trained employees. Business Leadership Development should use systematic ways do development of leaders and they should provides career opportunities. Either training is necessary for business development? It is necessary for growth of Tesco to select right people, in the right place at the right time, and trained them according to the demand of time. What are the requirements for workforce planning? New setup required new staff with perfect knowledge about customer profiles. Different type of skilled employee required in-store and non-stores based posts. Wide-ranging skilled employee performs better then less skilled employees. Tesco have good check and balance upon the efficiency of employees to look forward to possible skills shortages. Tesco provide opportunity of training to their employee and employee can apply for training on annual basses. The leadership framework of Tesco focus on three key themes; focus on customer, work with others and personal behaviour. These three themes are very helpful to assessment of framework and also helpful to identify employees with the probable to be the, best leaders of the future. Employee feel gaps between their efficiency to fulfil this gaps employees and line managers have training opportunity. So, several benefits for employees when they get training like, Their sense of ownership increases in the business. They can perform better job than before and they can easily understand customers problem and able to solve them. By getting new skills and training they are more effective in their role. Tesco provide training by two flexible ways on-the-job training and off-the-job training. On-the-job training is very suitable for employees because it is relevant and they understand easily and they feel part of the team. As well as this way is also suitable for company because it is cheaper and easy to manage. These methods are use. By shadow training. Through coaching of trainees problems in job. Monitoring through experienced person. By giving full responsibility for a job on a temporary basis. Off-the-job is also suitable way for training in specific new skills like presentation skills etc. Qualities required of people in leadership position Many debates upon either leader are mad or born. But I think true leader is that how ignore such arguments and always in a try to improve his qualities which are very important to become a successful leader. A good leader should be an ability to make and select easier way for people who want to follow him. Leader should have at least five leadership qualities. These qualities are leader should be Honesty Forward -looking Competent Inspiring Intelligent These all qualities should be in a leader, that is not an easy task but with practice you can become more inspiring, honest and competent. As you are honest with your follower you can make a good team, as you are forward-looking you can take quick and good decisions, as you are more competent so you have edge upon your competitor, as you are inspiring you will upon your followers and as you are more intelligent so you will do every work efficiently. One Quality of leadership is Honesty Everybody wants his leader should be very honest, some time they start their career because they think their leader is honest because of the authority of their position. Some time leaders miss an opportunity to show honesty is in conduct mistake Mostly leaders try new things and change the idea which are not working and sometime leader avoid failure and they dont want to admit when something is wrong. Leadership as a Forward-looking Forward-looking is bass on where you are now and where you want to go. Up till you dont communicate actively with people where you want to go nobody will listen you. If you dont prove that you are forward-looking against people, so you should suffer following problems. You dont have a forward-looking vision. You cant share vision with others what you have. So when you dont have vision for future obviously you sped lot of time today because you dont have idea of tomorrow and up till you cant think about future you cant become a good planer and strategist. Conclusion According to my point of view people can learn to become leaders by intent on improving particular leadership skills, which they are by birth leadership abilities then others. No dugout some abilities are GOD gifted just like a good singer have a good voice by birth, when he make practice, so he more and more polish his voice and he become perfect singer. So we can say practice makes perfect. If we follow the law of leadership and practice on it we become a successful leader.

Overeating Essay

Coming out from my closed where I live, I saw a huge handsome young man of his late twenties staggering, very dirty and looking haggard. Yes! I guessed he must have smoked some quantities of marijuana herb or something else that made him look mad. Little did I know that the young man was indeed over fed with alcohol, no wonder he muttered when I passed him to buy some loaves of bread and I remembered he did smelled profusely. Such was my encounter with Chike-the over fed alcoholic man. It was not by mistake that Chika was born into the humble home of Late Mr. Okoko Ibe in Lagos Nigeria. He was born healthy and hearty up to his late twenties before he joined a group of gangsters who feed themselves with doses of alcohol and cause troubles within the neighborhoods. They have a common character of not saying no to drinks be it alcohol or the like each time it is offered to them. This habit was alleged to have resulted to Chike’s sudden madness. On Sunday the 25th of March 2007 Chike on his madness regalia set out to look for where he could beg for whisky and gin in a nearby market. I drew close to a shop keeper where I wanted to shop for breakfast bread, it was indeed a big scene as I look but saw that there were two young men fighting and exchanging foul words to one another. Though no one could actually say what really was between them but something tells me it is not well with both men. There seems to be loss of agreement over who takes larger part of what money they are to share. Gradually crowds began to drew attention and all concentration was at the point of scene and not even the noise of a flying helicopter could deter one from trying to hear nor vehicles passing could block ones view from capturing what comes next as these two men kept on dragging with gradually increase in their voices. !! Give me $1000 or else I tell the police!! Said one of them who looked mean and more able bodied. Just as this argument was lingering and crowd gradually coming closer to the scene, I saw Chike rushed the young men in the face of the tick crowd and snatched the money tithed in a nylon bag and zoomed off abandoned his place of abode, sandals and his dirty wrapper wrap of clothes. Nobody could actually say which direction he took to and what really motivated him to act in that manner. It was indeed amazed and amused. People were perplexed to explain what the state of Chike’s health had turned to. Initially I thought this was unconnected with his state of madness. At a distance Chike was seen trying to cross a huge long trailer carry cement products, as he did not want anyone to catch him ,he was knocked down and was crushed to death. Many People who witness this scene went home crying for the poor popular mad man.

Essay on Salary of CEOs

Do CEOs Earn Too Much Money? It always remained a mystery why people are so eager to denounce somebody for being paid too much while doing nothing to improve their own living conditions. For them, it is this overpaid person who steals their rightful possessions. How come somebody can be so rich while being honest? No, he must be robbing me, otherwise where could he get all this money? CEOs are among the most hated people in this respect, which is constantly being supported by the policies of the world’s governments. But the categories in which both the majority of people and populist politicians reasons are based on wrong presumptions. They state that it is unfair for one person being paid so much, while other people are underpaid. They use ethical and even judicial terms. Yet this matter isn’t connected with ethics in any respect. It is solely and exclusively the domain of economics. CEO, even a bad CEO, can be replaced only by another CEO. He or she is supposed to have specific education and/or talent to do this kind of job. He must be ready to spend enormous amounts of time and energy in order to do this job right; he cannot expect to have a predetermined share of quality time with his family and so on. Understand me correctly – I don’t say that it is hard job which makes the one who does it much more miserable than a starving Chinese coal miner. I say that it is more difficult job and a Chinese coal miner cannot replace him. So, it is useless to discuss whether CEOs are paid too much, at least if you are reasonable. Everyone is paid what people agree to pay them. If companies are ready to pay CEOs for their job – who has right to change their decisions?

Depression And Loneliness Coping With Parental Death

Depression and Loneliness in Coping with Parental Death in Children Coping with a parent being seriously ill or the death of a parent can be extremely hard for children. They go through the feelings of loneliness, depression, and grief. When children are a witness to an ill parent or a deceased parent it causes an extreme amount of stress according to Buchwald, Delmar, Schantz-Laursen (2011). Buchwald et al., (2011) also mentions that children may lose a sense of security when confronting a parent’s illness or death. Because of this, the child’s relationships are changed dramatically as well. The child must reestablish a relationship with the â€Å"healthier† parent since the other may be seriously ill or deceased. Like Buchwald, Koblenz (2015) also believes that maintaining a healthy relationship with the surviving or â€Å"healthier† parent will ultimately produce more positive results for the child that is coping. In Koblenz’ (2015) study, she finds that group sessions are beneficial, especially if the child is surrounded by peers that have suffered the loss of a parent, friend, sibling, or loved one (Koblenz, 2015). Szymanowska (2014) also agrees that having contact with close relatives and other bereaved families is good for children suffering from the loss of a parent. Such contact is viewed as beneficial to the child’s mental and physical safety (Szymanowska, 2014). Children may be more inclined to form a group with other children that have lost a parent to combat theShow MoreRelatedEffects Of Parental Loss Effects On Adolescents Essay4764 Words   |  20 PagesAbstract Studies have shown that parental loss effects the adolescence stage in negative ways. Feelings of loneliness, despair, guilt, and anger are common amongst those that are bereaved adolescents. 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The Forever Enslaved Africans African American Civil War...

The Forever Enslaved Africans Many say that the American Civil War was fought to free the black slaves. The Union won and declared all slaves free. Although they were named free slaves, African Slaves have never been fully set free, according to the standards of the multi-Cultural American white people. That is the purpose of this paper: ‘Free’ Black Slaves never got the freedom the Union fought for. Who were Black Slaves? The black slaves get their name simply because they have more melatonin in their skin than most Europeans and Asians. Most Black Slaves came from according to the Europeans, the ‘Golden Coast of Africa’ which is the West Coast of Africa. Today the present countries of Senegal and Gambia are located here. The Europeans came to the Golden Coast and trading or captured tribes and dragged them on their ships to be sold as slaves in Europe, the West Indies, or the Americas. The captured Africans were held in nets with banded hand and legs- treated worse than a vicious fish. Then they were placed into bottom of smelly and infected ships that had no light and very little starchy food. They were chained to floor boards of bed boards with practically no space to move around for months. At times, over 600 slaves were shipped in a single ship across the Atlantic Ocean. At the beginning of the voyage, many captured Africans got sick and died or died because of so much trauma. According to Henry Louis Gates Jr., an estimate of 12.5 million African slaves were shippedShow MoreRelatedEssay on African Americans Influence on Civil War618 Words   |  3 Pagesway the African Americans shaped the course and consequences of the Civil War? African Americans helped shape the civil war in many ways. In fact, they were basically the underlying cause for the war in the first place. 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Due to the practice of slavery and a reported rise in the number of new slaves being born into bondage instead of being brought in from African countries, Southern states such as Alabama, Louisiana, and Mississippi were