Treaty of Paris Fall Bastille an Example of the Topic History Essays by

Treaty of Paris Fall Bastille At the end of the XVIII century many European countries witnessed the surge of active struggle for public participation in the state government. Under the influence of new philosophic doctrines the possibility of such participation was declared to be one of the political rights of citizens and even extended to the point of the right to choose the form of government. In America the struggle for self-government transformed into the Revolutionary War for independence against Britain, and in France it turned into the French Revolution which resulted in the overthrow of absolute monarchy. Need essay sample on "Treaty of Paris Fall Bastille" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Thus American Revolutionary War and French Revolution are tightly related. The concept of human rights was one of the staple driving forces for the both revolutions. Revolutionary War in America was conducted under the slogans of the freedom of conscience, liberty, equality, etc. The Declaration of Independence (1776) gained a focal role in this war. It was the first document where the requirements confirming the human rights as the basis for a fair social order had been formulated. The Declaration opens with the words which later were picked up in France: We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. American Revolutionary War ended by concluding The Treaty of Paris of 1783. Having been signed on September 3, 1783, it formally ended the American Revolutionary War between the Kingdom of Great Britain and the United States of America. The key point of the Treaty was the recognizing the thirteen colonies as free and sovereign States. The Revolution in France (which followed the Fall of Bastille on July 14, 1789) also used the slogan of Liberty, Equality and Fraternity, (although coined during the revolution). Thus on August 26, 1789 the National Assembly in France adopted The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen that included the following statement: The purpose of all political association is the preservation of the natural and imprescriptible rights of man. These rights are liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression. As we can see the both events, The Treaty of Paris of 1783 and the Fall of Bastille in 1789, became a particular realization of the perpetual strive of people for constructing their state on the principles of liberty and equality. References: Jefferson, Thomas (1776). The Declaration of Independence. Retrieved Oct. 13, 2006 from http://www.ushistory.org/Declaration/document/ Marquise de Lafayette (1789) Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen. Retrieved Oct. 13, 2006 from http://www.hrcr.org/docs/frenchdec.html

Nutrition and Children Essay Example

Nutrition and Children Essay Example Nutrition and Children Paper Nutrition and Children Paper Child obesity has spread like a wildfire throughout the last few decades, making nearly one in three children in America overweight. Who is at fault for the innocent children facing obesity? One may point her or her finger at fast food restaurants for being at fault for the innocent children facing obesity. However, another person may point their finger at the childs home believing that childhood obesity starts in the home of these young innocent children. In Daniel Weintraub’s article, â€Å"The Battle Against Fast Food Begins in the Home† he argues that the parents of the children are at fault for the increasing epidemic of child obesity in America. It is the parents responsibility to teach their children healthy eating and exercise habits at a young age in their home. Parents are at fault for their childrens unhealthy eating habits, lack of physical exercise and obesity. Healthy eating habits for young children have to start in their home. Children are greatly influenced by what their parents teach them at a young age in their home. The morals that parents teach their children are just as important as the eating habits they demonstrate to their children. Children feed off of their parents decisions, which influences the decisions they make in life today. It is the parents responsibility to demonstrate the wrongs and rights of eating healthily by getting rid of all junk food items and replacing them with nutritional food items instead. If parents dont demonstrate a healthy eating life style to their child starting at a young age, the child has a higher chance of having an unhealthy eating life style due to the parents lack of responsibility. The parents lack of responsibility is to blame for the increase of obese children in America. Starting in their home, parents need to teach and demonstrate the importance of healthy eating habits to their children at a young age. The lack of physical exercise greatly affects the increasing epidemic of child obesity in America. Some schools provide physical exercise and education to the young students, although not all students chose to participate. Weintraub states, â€Å" Statewide, the center said, 26 percent of schoolchildren are overweight. † (Weintraub, 7) Who is to blame for the children who chose not to participate in the physical exercise, and the 26 percent of obese schoolchildren? The parents. The childrens parents are responsible for teaching and demonstrating the importances of being physically active by participating in any physical activities or exercises. Parents can influence their children to participate in physical exercise by doing any regular outdoor physical activities such as biking or walking together as a family. Encouraging their children to eat healthily is just as important as encouraging their children to participate in physical exercise and activities. If parents fulfill their responsibility of encouraging their children to be physically active, then the children have less of a chance of being obese in their future. It is the parents responsibility to demonstrate the rights and wrongs of eating food and the importances of being physically active and fit. I am a victim of child obesity. When I was young from ages four to seven, I faced the epidemic of child obesity. Who is to blame for my child obesity? My parents are to blame because my unhealthy eating habits started in my home. They never took the responsibility of teaching and demonstrating the rights and wrongs of eating healthily. My parents always took the easier way out by buying me a fast food meal instead of cooking me a home made meal that was healthy and nutritional for me. My parents did not encourage me to eat healthy nor did they encourage me to be physically active. I was never taught the importances of being physically active. Instead, I was always lazy and played video games. I blame my parents for my lack of participation in physical activities such as sports. They never took the time to teach me the importances of healthy eating and exercising habits when I was a young innocent child. My child obesity could have been prevented if my parents demonstrated a healthy life-style. I blame my child obesity due to my parents I rresponsible choices and actions. Parents are at fault for their childrens unhealthy eating habits, lack of exercise and obesity. It is the parents who have to take initiative, responsibility and action for their childrens eating and exercising habits. It is more logical to blame the parents for the increasing epidemic of child obesity rather than blaming the fast food industry because it is a personal issue. If parents continue to blame others for their children gaining weight, then child obesity will continue to rise in America. Not only will the epidemic of child obesity rise, but so will the health cost for Americans. Parents need to step up by teaching their children how to live a healthy life style by eating healthily and being physically active. Child obesity depends on the parental guidance; for instance, the family home is an important place to learn about the proper nutrition and physical activity that is needed in living a healthy life-style.

Why Does Referencing Affect Your Grades

Why Does Referencing Affect Your Grades Why Does Referencing Affect Your Grades? Here at Proofed, we get a lot of requests for help with referencing. But why exactly is referencing important? And why does citing sources clearly and consistently earn you better grades on your papers? Joining the Conversation An academic discipline is like an conversation between thousands of thinkers and researchers, past and present. When you write about a specific subject, you contribute to that conversation. Citing your sources demonstrates the depth of your knowledge, while also making your arguments more authoritative by drawing upon those who have discussed similar ideas before you. Academic Honesty The main purpose of referencing is to give credit where it’s due. By citing your sources, you clearly indicate the influence that other people have had on your work, thereby ensuring your work is academically honest. Failure to cite sources, on the other hand, can lead to accusations of plagiarism, especially if you quote a source without using â€Å"quotation marks† as well as leaving a citation. If you are found to have plagiarized in your work, this will negatively impact your grade. Distinguishing Your Ideas from Other People’s In academic writing, you may need to engage critically with opposing ideas (either contrary to your own position or when discussing two conflicting theories). When doing this, it is important to differentiate between your own ideas and those of the thinkers you are discussing. A well-placed citation should remove any ambiguity about this, thus ensuring you can express your ideas clearly. It Saves Detective Work for Your Reader While researching a paper, you’ll probably need to check the reference list on a website or in a book to find other relevant sources. This is, in fact, an essential skill for any researcher. It’s also another good reason to cite your sources, as without clear citations (including full bibliographic detail in the reference list) your reader will find it difficult to find the texts you’ve used. Demonstrating Academic Skills As the above factors hopefully indicate, referencing is a key skill in the academic world. Consequently, by citing your sources clearly and consistently, you prove to your reader that you are a diligent academic. And this alone can make the difference between a passing and failing grade.

Desribing a Social Institution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Desribing a Social Institution - Essay Example In the institutions of man, aided by God’s guidance and graces, there are already installed safeguards and answers that if we only know how to discern, we would not go far or divert from where we are really going. One of these groups that have become institutions and instruments of God’s propagation of faith and love is the so-called charismatic group. From the small parishes spring small organizations or groups, others are called church-mandated organizations like the Familia, and other smaller groups that require assistance and cooperation of the so-called laity, such as the charismatic groups, or the traditional Cursillos in Christianity. In my journey to these groups in the Christian faith, I was most attracted to the charismatic group. I was so intrigued by the actuations of some of the members that I tried to observe their activities. From the start, I thought they were overacting their faith because in their actions they were trying to goad people into joining their seminars and â€Å"indoctrination†. Some members who are friends of mine have asked me to join their so-called healing sessions and prayer groups. Indeed, they laid their hands on me and on anyone who ask their prayer and help, like they were â€Å"real saints†. I attempted and I was really puzzled. So I tried to give them some time. And not only did I join them but later I became a part of them. Weekly prayer meetings, fellowships, and later on seminars filled up my activities. I soon forgot what I was previously busy about – the material things of this world. Soon I learned what this group was all about. The charismatic religious activity, whose members are the parishioners or the community members, is one of the phenomena in religious gatherings, in these times when other activities are perceived boring to the believers. Somehow the Church – to my opinion – has injected some lively touches into the

Different Sources of English Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Different Sources of English Law - Essay Example North Ireland operates a system that is similar to that of England, but which is autonomous. Legislation as a main source of English law entails the formulation of laws by the parliament, commonly known as the primary legislation. In this case, Bills are developed and debated upon in the house of commons. While they are approved, they are passed on to the house of Lords for approval and later to the Queen for royal assent, after which they become fully fledged laws of the UK (Hughes, 2002 p18). There is secondary legislation that entails the formulation of laws by other bodies, mandated by the parliament to make such laws. This includes bodies such as government ministries and the local authorities (Dicey, 1993 p51). Legislations by parliament do vary, based on the geographical locations, companies, or persons. The ordinary laws that applies universally to all people in all regions are called the public general acts. There is however a change in the traditional ways of legislation, w ith some modern legislations being undertaken by the government ministries, even without being approved first by the parliament (Barnett, 2008 p17). This is a form of delegated or secondary legislations, which has some reasoning behind. ... igned for specialized areas with unique professional needs that the parliamentarians cannot meet, the opportunity is provided for, under delegated legislation, where the expert opinions and skills are crafted and incorporate into laws (Barnett, 2008 p23). Further, delegated legislation allows for flexibility in law making, in that it becomes possible to address emergent issues that need legal backing through such statutory instruments or orders provided by the ministries for enactment. This serves to ensure that the law making process can adopted to urgent need of a situation, which would otherwise not be possible if the issue had to go through the normal parliamentary legislation (Hughes, 2002 p32). Thus, legislation as a source of law entails the rigid and the flexible avenues. This serves to ensure that the nature of both complex and simple issues are accorded the right avenues, with complex legislations being handled by the parliament and the simple flexible legislations being un dertaken by such delegated bodies as the ministries. The legislations done by the local authorities are called by-laws. The doctrine of parliamentary sovereignty provides for the amendment of common laws by acts of parliament, while the laws formed through parliamentary legislation cannot be changed by the statutes of common laws (Slapper, 2001 p133). Case law is another source of English laws. This refers to the reference made to judicial decisions that were made in the past, considering the ruling that was given by the then judges, in the case a legal suit of the similar nature arises in present day (Hughes, 2002 p55). A statement that was made by a judge during a certain ruling can become legally binding, and thus affect the subsequent judgments made, due to the requirement to observe

Abortion Essay Example for Free

Abortion Essay Abortion has a long history and has been induced by various methods including herbal abortifacients, the use of sharpened tools, physical trauma, and other traditional methods. Contemporary medicine utilizes medications and surgical procedures to induce abortion. The legality, prevalence, and cultural views on abortion vary substantially around the world. In many parts of the world there is prominent and divisive plublic controversy over the ethical and legal issues of abortion. Abortion and abortion-related issues feature prominently in the national politics in many nations, often involving the opposing pro-life and pro-choice worldwide social movements. Incidence of abortion has declined worldwide, as access to family planning education and contraceptive services has increased. Abortion incidence in the United States declined 8% from 1996 to 2003. Abortion is an issue that evokes, on all sides, very strong feelings and judgments and very heated recriminations. The most radical formulation of the anti-abortion or pro-life side of the debate views abortion as the murder of unborn children, and so as the equivalent of out and out infanticide, making the legal use of abortion since Roe v. Wade, at a rate of around 1.5 million a year in the United States, into a holocaust of the innocent fully comparable to the Nazi genocide against the Jews. Radical pro-life activists who blockade abortion clinics (or who even commit terrorist acts of vandalism, arson, and murder) see what they do as what good Germans didnt do in the face of Hitlers atrocities, or what John Brown did do in his attempt at Harpers Ferry to free the slaves through mass rebellion.

jap stuff :: essays research papers

Many of us have seen at least advertisements for this Japanese animation (if you have not, you must have been incarcerated, in a comma or on crack). Innocent looking is it not? But is this really a harmless children's show or a horrific mind controlling device being used on our nations children. One of the major themes of Pokemon is the containment of elemental and physical forces in the forms of cute little creatures with sub-human, super animal intelligence. Basically they are beasts with the powers of gods. Today we have statistics and chaos to predict random events, do we really need this modern mythology? Anyhow this franchise is really a cover for a sinister polytheistic religion bent on dominating children's minds. What a parent see as a harmless toy is really seen by the children as religious icon that they worship. No longer are their ritualistic sacrifices of crops/animals or humans, instead seek sacrifice of cash in the name of the cult. Children see the pokemon as gifts from the gods to the pokemon masters for loyal devotions to the various gods like Thor (Pikachu), Neptune (Squirtle) and others as well as spirits like the sirens (JigglyPuff). These kids will literally pray to, cry over, kill and die for these creatures. Another problem is the concept of the portraying the concept of the "power of one". What is the idea of the of putting that shit in a child's mind. Telling a child they can get ahead by trusting in their own abilities will lead them to loss and a world of pain. Some examples, Joan of Arc got burned alive, Harry Houdini was punched in the stomach and his appendix burst, and Martin Luther King Jr. was shot. What will these children do when they make a stupid decision get in real trouble and their precious Pocket Monsters will not come to their aid?

Tata Motors Going Global

TATA MOTORS—GOING GLOBAL The wave of liberalization, privatization and globalization, which started sweeping India since the early 1990s, gave Tata Motors (established in 1945) a new direction in the path of globalization. The Tata Motors firstly, realized that if it wants to grow then it cannot afford to keep its business connected solely to the fortunes of one country. Secondly, with the dismantling of import restrictions in the near future or it the rupee begins to gain ground then India may not continue to have the low-cost manufacturing advantage which it has enjoyed so far. In that scenario, a transnational presence across countries that could offer greater cost advantages for manufacturing, will pay off. Thirdly, the automotive business is highly competitive and the competitiveness depends on economies of scale, quality and efficiency which could directly improve if the organization enters the foreign markets. The question that came in the minds of the senior management at Tata Motors was— â€Å"Should we remain an exporter of vehicles, which we have been doing since 1961 or should we venture into the international automobile market as a company that can match the best in the business? The answer was to widen its foreign campaign to more than just exports. As a result, recognizing the need to integrate its international strategy with its domestic one, the company split its previously independent international business arm into the two business units—the Passenger Car Business Unit (PCBU) and the Commercial Vehicle Business Unit (CVBU). T he company’s passenger car range comprises the hatchback Indica, the Indigo Sedan and the Marina, its station wagon variant, in petrol and diesel versions. The Tata Sumo, its rural variant, the Spacio and the Tata Safari (the country’s first sports utility vehicle) are the company’s multi-utility offerings. The company’s Commercial Vehicle Business Unit (CVBU) has over 130 models of light, medium and heavy commercial vehicles ranging from two tonnes to 40 tonnes, buses ranging from 12-seaters to 60-seaters, tippers, special purpose vehicles, oil-road vehicles and defence vehicles. Dr. V. Sumantran, Executive Director, PCBU, says, â€Å"The company has now embarked on a road where we have made exports an integral part of our business. We do not think of sales outside the country as a separate activity. It is now integrated within the mission of each of its businesses. † Ravi Kant, Executive Director, CVBU, says, â€Å"In a cyclical business such as ours, it is important that we hedge against cyclicality. International business offers an opportunity as different countries go through peaks and troughs in demand at different points in time. Our capacity utilization is more effective and risks of downturns can be mitigated. † The two units have classified different markets in terms of size, growth opportunities, product segments and target volumes. After analysis of markets the company has decided to focus on 15 to 20 key countries, where the company will have a significant presence in terms of volumes and market shares, against being present as an exporter in 70 countries. Says Praveen Kadle, Tata Motors Executive Director of Finance and Corporate Affairs, â€Å"Tata Motors does not plan to be all over the world. Supply will follow demand and the company will need to address the markets tor different vehicles as stand-alone projects. For example, the compact- sized Indica will be marketed in countries where the company perceives a substantial market for it, like it did in Europe. The same goes for our commercial vehicles business. † The implementation of new business strategy involves three stages—product upgradation, sales and distribution processes, and deeper penetration into foreign markets. Tata Motors has taken a number of initiatives to strengthen both product reliability and durability. Through its subsidiaries and joint ventures, the company is engaged in engineering and automotive solutions, automotive vehicle components manufacturing and supply chain activities, machine tools and factory automation solutions, high-precision tooling and plastic and electronic components for automotive and computer applications, and automotive retailing and service operations. The company also draws on the resources of leading international design and styling houses like the Institute of Development in Automotive Engineering, SPA, Italy and Stile Bertoni, Italy. The company has been successful in Sri Lanka and Malaysia where the installation of a sales process system and face-to-face customer meets through road shows and service workshops have started giving results. In order to enter foreign markets the company is following three routes. The first is the traditional method of exports, at which the company has been quite successful, notching up export revenue of Rs. 969 crores in the first nine months of FY 2004—05, recording a growth of 41 per cent from sales in Europe, Africa, the Middle East and Asia. The second is the setting up of assembly operations in foreign markets. Tata Motors first used this strategy when it set up its first assembly operation in Malaysia in 1974. Since then, the company has successfully used it for expansion into Malaysia, Bangladesh, Senegal, South Africa and Ukraine by way of setting up assembly operations there through its distributors. The third is the route of acquisition and alliances. Tarn Motors entered into a tie-up with MG Rover, U. K. , to supply 1,00,000 Indica to be badged as City Rover. Highlighting the importance of the tie-up, Dr. V. Sumantran, points out that the Rover agreement has been an important step in helping Tata Motors to gain very quick access to a fairly large market. ‘Working alone in this area would have taken us much longer to create a distribution network. The exposure that the company and the products have received through the agreement validates the belief that we have arrived at a significant milestone in promoting the Tata brand,† elaborates Dr. Sumantran. It acquired Daewoo Commercial Vehicles, S. Korea, in 2004, keeping the synergies in mind which are quite significant—a presence in the 250 to 400 HP range of trucks is what the Korean company brings to the table, as this complements the existing product range of Tata Motors which delivers vehicles up to 210 HP. The process gave not just a manufacturing asset base, but access to the market through an already strong brand identity. In 2005, it acquired a 21 per cent stake in Hispano Carrocera, a reputed Spanish bus and coach manufacturer, with an option to acquire the remaining stake as well. Hispano’s presence is being expanded in other markets. Today, Tata Motors is India’s largest automobile company, with revenues of Rs. 20, 483 crores (USD 4. 7 billion) in 2004—05, and is the world’s fifth largest medium and heavy commercial vehicle manufacturer. Its immediate goal is to achieve a 20 per cent contribution to its overall revenue from its international businesses by 2006. The leading global auto majors, for whom anywhere from 30—50 per cent of their business accrues from overseas sales, Tata Motors is still a long way off, but Mr. Kadle believes that with its aggressive growth strategy a contribution of around 35 per cent maybe achievable in the next five-six years. Questions 1. What are the objectives that drove Tata Motors towards globalization? 2. What are the entry strategies that are being followed by Tata Motors in order to capture the foreign markets? 3. Discuss the logic behind the entry strategies that are being followed by Tata Motors. 4. In your opinion to what extent Mr. Kadle’s belief of overseas sales contributing 35 per cent of overall revenue, in the next five-six years, appears attainable?

France and United States Health Care Policy Comparison

Abstract The efficacy of the social policies of health care has become a topic of considerable debate. This essay examines the nations of France and the United States in order to develop better understanding of the similarities and differences to be found in each system. The evidence shows that both nations are attempting to address the same issue, through different methods, which in turn are based on social policy. This research will be of value to any person studying the convergence or dependency theories. 1. Introduction As technology unfies the world, there is a continuous debate on the efficacy of individual social policies. This essay assesses and compares the Health Care policies found in the France and the United States in order to illustrate the strengths and weaknesses associated with the processesThe essay identifies convergence or path dependency theory in order to demonstrate how different nations approach the same issues. Suggestions for the future will be offered 2. Health Care Policy2.1 OverviewHealth care is an issue that every nation has to address in order to create a stable, profitable internal environment (Fischer and Collins, 2010). Health care policy can be defined as an effort to alleviate ill-health amongst the population. Although health care policy is increasing, some debate its efficacy (Fisher et al, 2010). This literature suggests that varying societal factors including perception and acceptance play a positive role in the establishment of any social or health care policy. In order to explain the development of healthcare policy, two theories are commonly employed: convergence and path dependency (Dutton, 2007). Each of these methods speaks to the cultural need to assert a semblance of cultural impact on the development of national societal institutions such as health care policy. Cnvergence theory is commonly tied to the functionalist approach which speaks to the societal expectations of having to meet requirements in order to survive and continue to operate (Baldock et al, 2012). The essence of this view associates an increase in industrialization with the coinciding resemblance to other already industrialized nations. This suggests that these forms of nations learn from and adapt other countries policies in order to enhance their own development. Alternately, the path dependency theory denotes a ‘history matters’ approach, that states future social decision and influences are constrained and based on past practices (Baldock et al, 2012) . Prior decisions have a limiting impact on future actions, this method of development often is relegated to the already present institutions that society embraces. This definition of alternative development models indicates a defined social impact to any form of policy institution, not the least of which becomes health care and general population well-being. Both the United States and France will be assessed for their health care policy approach, seeking to Understand whether the convergence or dependency models is more influential.2.1.1 Health Care Policy FranceThere has long been a public policy approach in France (Hantrais, 2010). There is a commonly held belief a nationally subsidized health care system provides a methodfd keeping the population healthy (Hantrais, 2010). With a consistent pattern of leadership in the industry, providing a consistent and strong health care France has illustrated a convergence/functionalist approach to the health care issue, often citing their system as a model for other nations (Marmot et al, 2012). In many ways this evidence speaks to the fact that a healthy population enables increased access and opportunity to social benefits by reducing health care costs and increasing spending in other areas. France as a European nation is marked by a larger than average ratio of health spending yet remains much less than their counter parts in the West spend on health care(Marmot et al, 2012). Alongside this popular national support rests that the fact that the population is largely healthy with a average life span two years more than the rest of the word (Marmot et al, 2012). . The French is to manage cost by implementing a system of premium health care levels that are directly associated with a person’s income (Rodwin, 2003). This is a targeted policy that seeks to make insurance as affordable as possible in order to ensure that that each person has access. Further, this limits opportunities for the insurance industry to adjust rates unfairly or at a disadvantage to certain conditions or participants (Rodwin, 2003). This element of control takes away much of the ability for companies to overly profit from the insurance market. With the French system taking on the burden of the majority of medical expenses through a system of reimbursement, the average citizen’s ability to sustain health insurance is higher (Rodwin, 2003). This protection is enhanced and extended to the people who need healthcare the most, making the issue of major illness much more manageable on the economic and social front. Due to the quality of universal healthcare in France, there are very low levels of private insurance, a further indication of the capacity for this system to not only manage cost but provide efficient and dependable care (Marmot et al, 2012). With a public system in place,the need for private insurance in significantly reduced, further ensuring less expense for the average citizen. France possesses a well-developed system of independent and public hospitals (Rodwin, 2003). This wide ranging access to care has been credited with further enhancing the overall rate of health and effectiveness in the nation. Yet, the diverse manner of health care oversight has been cited as an issue (Marmot et al, 2012). With nearly fifty different regulatory agencies to contend with, each faculty has to negotiate an ever-changing environment, which provides a serious challenge to many institutions. A further problem is the rising influence of the pharmaceutical industry, intent on generating profit rather than being concerned with benefiting the people of France (Clarke and Bidgood, 2013). With prescription charges payable, there is anarea of concern Regarding affordability of medicine. In summary Universal health care in France is a nationally subsidized system that reimburses out of pocket patient expenses, based on that person’s rate of income. With a convergent form of policy that seeks to make the French system a global model, the high quality of care denotes a degree of success. However, the high rate of regulation serves to diminish many of the positive elements of the policy. The French system has offered other nations a model of healthcare promising to reduce sickness, thereby decreasing underlying societal cost. In France, there is evidence that health policy supports citizens during times of sickness or injury.2.1.2 Health Care Policy United StatesThe healthcare system in the United States has long been an area of contention within the nation, commonly resulting in politically partisan fighting that diminishes the ability for any system to function (Hoffman, 2008). With the ascension of a liberal regime in the United States, the recent past has wit nessed a shift away from the individual, less regulated, insurance market to a form of universal health care with far more federal regulation. The private market controls the health care insurance market, making the need for supplementary services high in order to meet every expectation (Hoffman, 2008). With the rising cost of health care and a general lack of productive policy, the shift away from the strictly private system has been a rough evolution for many in the United States. With a standing of 50th in the world foro effective health care policy as rated by the OECD there seems to be a suggestion thathe US system has begun to change to match other models, actively incorporating the convergent theory and seeking to emulate the positive health trends Found elsewhere. (Palmer, 2014), There are multiple levels of regulatory oversight in the US system of health care (Gulliford and Morgan, 2010). This is a reflection of the national and state level authorities that commonly find themselves at odds with one another. With this abundance of regulation there is substantial paperwork (Hoffman, 2008). Evidence suggests that there is a potential for politics to play a role in the policy making efforts of healthcare. This opportunity for gain at the expense of the national system is often attributed to the wellbeing of the very people that need it most, the lower earners and single mothers. US federal oversight is conducted by the Department of Health and Human Services, which ensures that the appropriate compliance guidelines are followed by states (Gulliford et al, 2010). This section of governement oversees procedures from county/state level to the national level. In this manner the integration of State and Federal concerns can serve to aid in the implementation of healt h care policy throughout the nation. Yet, it also seems to be the case that there is a potential for conflict among policy makers, leading to a poorer service Medical professionals in the US are licensed under the American Medical Association, with an aim of ensuring a high quality of care and adherence to ethical guidelines (Kominski, 2011). . It has been suggested that the US private system is commonly influenced by the presence of rich or well to do patients or donors (Palmer, 2014). This perception seems justified, as the best performing doctors are often unavailable to the average US citizen, thereby creating an unintentional division of care which is reflected in the life expectancy numbers. Yet, this is a demonstration of the convergent theory at work in the functionalist US society, as the recognition of expanded need becomes apparent; public policy was created to address the issue. In summary The health care policies found in the United States have been shown to be rated as moderate by the international community. Before the shift to the universal care subsidized by the nation, the gap between rich and poor in terms of healthcare had widened. Many people lacked health insurance. In order to address this, recent liberal policies found in the US were formulated but have been much debated. It can be suggested that new policies have succeeded in lowering the rate of people without healthcare insurance, thereby beginning the effort of increasing the health of the population in general. Yet, the regulatory environment found in the healthcare system in the US is often counter-productive. Further, this every area of contention has led to a gap of states that have accepted the new universal care and those that have not, decreasing the impact that they policies have on a considerable number of citizens.2.3 ComparisonThe health care policies found in France in the United States share many similarities as well as considerable differences. For example, the French tradition of seeking social remedies to health issues is sharply differed from the American approach of ‘goes it alone’ fundamentalism (Flynn, 2010). In many cases the expectation that everyone must take care of themselves has led the US health care system to sharply different levels of care in regions, largely based on the underlying income factors of the residents. Conversely, France has long sought to provide a balanced method that seeks to present a useable model to the rest of the world (Fisher et al, 2010). This is best illustrated by the life expectancy rates found in the US of 78.4 and 81.3 in France (Fisher et al, 2010). With numbers supporting the success factors in France over the prior efforts in the US, the American shift to the more universal system is considered a convergence with modern examples such as France leading the way. A factor that both systems share is the high quality of physicians and practitioners that are involved in health care (Palmer, 2014). While the French system is primarily publicly owned and supported, the US policy dictated that many of their institutions are privately owned and operated, presenting further considerations during the transition to universal health care in this nation. This same issue presents itself as a difference between the social policies as the French doctors are paid substantially less than their American counterparts (Palmer, 2014). Yet, the French approach to this issue was to make subsequent education and associated services free to those in the medical profession, thereby reducing the need for the extravagant wages that many experience in the West (Guilliford et al, 2010). This same measure of policy support is yet absent in the American system, which makes a considerable difference as to where and how a student can learn and practice. This literature sugges ts that there is a need to make expenses of the medical learning process reduced in order to present a method of paying fair wage thereby allowing the entirety of the population to receive the same quality of care, regardless of financial position or social standing. The spending levels for medical needs in the United States far outweigh those experienced in French system, demonstrating effective policy (Palmer, 2014). In part due to the rapidly rising cost of health care, the American system was forced to shift to a universal policy in order to slow the impact that this substantial cost on the overall economic outlook for the nation. With both nations providing a social policy of immediate emergency care, there was a widespread perception in the US that this would alleviate much of the lower class medical issues, yet, conversely, this phenomena of utilizing emergency care for routine care served to drastically increase the need for funding from the national level, thereby prompting new policy modelled on systems including the UK and Canada (Palmer, 2014). This is in contrast to the French model, which involves more spending per citizen, but has shown positive performance in response to spending levels. The United States policy of health care has a compulsory insurance mandate this is designed to ensure that each citizen has insurance (Palmer, 2014). Conversely, the French system utilizes a series of reimbursements based on wages in order to supply the same medical services. In some ways, the perception of the US system has been cited as a form of increased taxation on the healthy, with these views stating that they are supporting the poor of the nation. Despite the strength of health care available in the United States, until recently there was a marked increase in the value, with many of the citizens putting off routine care in favour of waiting for emergency, which in turn inflated health costs of every level (Palmer, 2014). However, France overcame this issue by establishing oversight panels that ensure that fair access is assured and that the population has access to the same general level of care. A common component of both nations health care policy is the multiple layers of bureaucrats and agencies that dictate policy (Flynn, 2010). Both nations cite the need to reduce the layers of oversight in order to streamline the process, which would in theory reduce administration costs and aid the both nation and industry. In a very real manner, this evidence suggests that the long term capacity to develop a working system will be found by taking the best of the existing structures and using these as a foundation for growth. 3. Conclusion This essay has examined the social policies of France and the United States in the field of health care in order to evaluate and compare their offerings. The evidence presented illustrates a position of French strength through communal action. With proven records supporting the reduction in health issues, rise in life expectancy and overall positive implementation there is a model for progress. Alternately, the private system once favored in the United States has evolved to a more UK or Canadian style system that requires consumer participation. This recognition and development on the part of the American nation is deemed an example of the convergence/functionalist theory with the country seeking to alleviate many of the social health issues by implementing a system similar to other nations. An area of weakness demonstrated in both societies that have the potential to raise issues in the future is the presence of an over regulated system. With so many different agencies responsible f or the oversight and regulation of the same industry, there is a need to coordinate and simplify the process in order to aid both the consumer and the provider. Further, this area is prone to political partisanship or bias, which in turn has a direct impact on the quality of care and policy that develops. In the end, the social policy of health care has been deemed of critical import for both France and the United States. Yet, just as the nations are culturally unique yet share traits, so too will the health care issue, with both nations seeking to address the same issue though slightly differing means. Only time will judge which has been the better approach. 4. References Baldock, J., 2013. Social policy. 1st ed. Cambridge, UK: Polity. Dutton, P., 2007. Differential diagnoses. 1st ed. Ithaca: ILR Press/Cornell University Press. Feldstein, P., 2012. Health care economics. 1st ed. New York: Wiley. Fisher, K. and Collins, J., 2010. Homelessness, health care, and welfare provision. 1st ed. London: Routledge. Flynn, N., 2010 Social Policy, fiscal problems & economic performance in France, United Kingdom & Germany. London, 1(1). pp. 65-100. Gulliford, M. and Morgan, M., 2010. Expanding access to health care. 1st ed. Armonk, N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe. Hantrais, L., 2010. French social policy in the European context. Modern & Contemporary France, 3(4), pp.381–390. Hoffman, B., 2008. Health care reform and social movements in the United States. American journal of public health, 98. Kominski, G., 2011. Changing the U.S. health care system. 1st ed. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Marmot, M., Allen, J., Bell, R. and Goldblatt, P., 2012. Building of the global movement for health equity: from Santiago to Rio and beyond. The Lancet, 379(9811), pp.181–188. others, 2012. Health, United States, 2011: with special feature on socioeconomic status and health. National Center for Health Statistics (US). Palmer, K., 2014. A Brief History: Universal Health Care Efforts in the US | Physicians for a National Health Program. [online] Pnhp.org. Available at: [Accessed 19 Apr. 2014]. Rodwin, V., 2003. The health care system under French national health insurance: lessons for health reform in the United States. American Journal of Public Health, 93(1), pp.31–37. Sauret, J., 1997. Information systems in healthcare Situation in France. Health Cards’ 97, 49, p.27.

The eNotes Blog How Is Shakespeare Still Relevant 400 Years After His Death Tell UsAnd Win$400!

How Is Shakespeare Still Relevant 400 Years After His Death Tell UsAnd Win$400! Without William Shakespeare, it is likely that would not exist- and what a sad world that would be! We started out ten years ago as purely a Shakespeare site, and over the years have added thousands of other  authors, tens of thousands of book summaries and analyses, and new services like our rapidly-growing Homework Help. Homework Help is one of the most exciting services for students that weve created. Students can ask any question (on any subject) and get connected with one of our specialized educators to receive help on their toughest homework problems. With this service, we are helping to  foster students critical thinking and are providing  deeper understanding and contextual knowledge of the subject matter, whatever it may be. Since launching this service, weve answered over 300,000 questions and have helped millions of students! Shakespeare being the foundational  bloodline of all of is just one of the ways we still find him relevant- even 400 years after his death. His  works form the basis for  some of our most popular pages and Homework Help answers to this day, for students and teachers alike. Now, we want to hear from you why you think Shakespeare is still relevant. It can be anything from how you relate to him, how his works inspire you, or something totally different  (and off-the-wall!). Were giving away some fantastic prizes, so read on about how to enter below! How to Enter Tell us  why you think Shakespeare is still relevant to literature, history, education, oreven just to you!   Your submission must be posted as an answer to our Homework Help question, which can be found by clicking the button below. Need help finding the answer box? Check out  this screenshot if you are new to or this one if you are already logged in. Submissions are  accepted until April 17, 2016 at 11:59 p.m. PST. Please note: be sure your account is up-to-date with the best email at which to reach you- this is how we will contact you if you win. Prizes We will select a  grand prize winner to receive  $400 cash, a 1-year subscription, and 100 credits to use in Homework Help (a $549.99 value!). Five (5) runner-ups will  receive 50 credits to use in Homework Help. Selection will be based upon what our editors and users find to be the most interesting, helpful, funny, relatable, and in general all-around-awesome answers! If you have any questions, please send an email to dispatch@ and we will get back to you within 1-2 business days. We look forward to reading your entries. Best of luck!

Bill Clinton Profile Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

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Ratio Analysis Math Problem Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

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